How Ball Mills Work (Engineering and Mining)

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Learn how a ball mill works, all of its main parts and some of its design features! This 3D animated video allows you to see all the internal parts of a ball mill and what is occurring inside the ball mill!

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▶️How Ball Mills Work
The following process description is based upon a ball mill used in the hard rock mining industry for liberating minerals from ore, but the operating principle for ball mills used in other industries is the same.
Crushed ore is fed to the ball mill through the inlet; a scoop (small screw conveyor) ensures the feed is constant.
For both wet and dry ball mills, the ball mill is charged to approximately 33% with balls (range 30-45%). Pulp (crushed ore and water) fills another 15% of the drum’s volume so that the total volume of the drum is 50% charged. Pulp is usually 75% solid (crushed ore) and 25% water; pulp is also known as ‘slurry’.
An electric motor is used to rotate the ball mill. As the ball mill rotates, the balls ‘stick’ to the inner surface of the drum due to the centrifugal force created within the drum. At a certain angle, the weight of the balls overcomes the centrifugal force holding them against the drum and they begin to tumble back to the centre line of the ball mill (this area is known as the ‘toe’). In this manner, the ore is reduced in size by both attrition (ore rubbing against other bits of ore) and impact (balls impacting with the ore).
The ore moves gradually through the mill then exits through the discharge port. The discharge port may be covered by a grate to prevent oversized ore exiting the mill, or it may have no grate (overflow type ball mill).
As the balls wear due to abrasion, they are replaced with new balls (‘green’ balls).


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