*WE HAD A MASSIVE DRIVEWAY POUR IN THE FRONTYARD THIS DAY WHICH IS WHY THERE WAS SO MANY GUYS* In this video we show you how to pour your basic 16 x 12 Concrete Slab! We go over all the necessary steps for your concrete slab to come out perfect! We show you how to form the slab, put rebar in at 2ft x 2ft centers, rod it, bull float it, put joints in, edge it, use the fresno/Big Blue and broom it. We hope you find this information Valuable and to help you on your next project! If there are any questions please dont hesitate to comment below and dont forget to like share ans subscribe! It helps motivate us to teach and bring more videos to all of you knowing these videos help! Thank you all for your support!

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Primitive Technology: Wood Ash Cement - Creating wood ash cement from scratch
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I developed an experimental cement from made only from re-fired wood ash as its cementitious material. It was mixed with crushed terracotta as an aggregate and formed into a cube. The cement set hard after 3 days and did not dissolve in water after this period.
Process: First I burnt bark and leaves in a kiln at high temperatures to produce well burnt, mostly white wood ash. The ash was then mixed into water and stirred well. The excess water was poured off and the resulting paste was made into pellets and allowed to dry. A pellet was then re-heated in the forge until it glowed about orange hot. This was then taken out, cooled and dropped in a pot of water. The pellet dissolved and boiled due to a chemical reaction with the water. The paste was stirred and crushed terracotta (old tiles from previous projects) was added and mixed to form a mouldable mortar. This was formed into a cube and allowed to set for three days (in the video, a cube made exactly the same way 3 days previously was used due to time constraints). The resultant cube was strong and made a slight ringing sound when tapped with a finger nail. It was placed in water for 24 hours to simulate a very heavy rain event and did not dissolve or release residues into the water.
My current theory: The main component of wood ash consists of calcium in some form (e.g. calcium carbonate, calcium oxide). This can be up to 45% from my research. Calcium is in higher concentration in the bark and leaves of a tree. When the ash is mixed with water, the soluble component of wood ash (10% pot ash) dissolves into the water. But seeing that it does nothing for the cementing process, it is drained off leaving the insoluble calcium (and other components) in the paste. Doing this probably raises the relative percentage of calcium in the paste to about 50% or more. Most of the other 50 % consists of silica and alumina which are pozzolans, materials that chemically react with calcium hydroxide to increase the durability of the cement product. The paste was then made into a pellet and fired again to high temperature to convert all the calcium compounds to calcium oxide. It also reduces any charcoal in the pellet to ash if it hadn’t already been burnt the first time. This step seemed important as un-fired ash pellets only partially hardened and would fall apart in water, though retaining a weak undissolved 5mm thick crust. I can only surmise that re-firing the ash just gave a greater conversion of the calcium components to calcium oxide. The pellet is slaked in water converting the calcium oxide to calcium hydroxide. This cement was mixed with crushed terracotta which may also help in some way that I’m not aware of as I only did this one experiment and did not test other aggregates yet (e.g. sand, gravel etc.). Terracotta is porous and might hold together better than other materials. The mixture is allowed to set in air where carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate cementing the aggregate together. After this, the cement will not dissolve in water.
Use: I think this material might have a potential use as a mortar holding rocks or bricks together in wet environments where limestone or snail shells are unavailable for making cement. Wood ash is a pretty ubiquitous material to most natural environments inhabited by people using biomass fuels. Wood ash cement turns a waste product into a valuable building material. From my research, wood ash is already being used as a partial replacement for cement in the building industry without decreases in strength of the final product. But I’ve only just started experimenting with it and don’t know its full capabilities and limitations. Calcium content of wood ash differs depending on the species of tree, the part of the tree burnt and the soil it’s grown on. Cautious experimentation is still required before committing to a hut built from this material.

Ask This Old House mason Mark McCullough explains the basics of making concrete
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Time: 10 minutes

Cost: $20

Skill Level: Beginner

Tools List for Making Concrete:
Trowel
Mixing bucket
Bucket for measuring

Shopping List:
Sand in bulk
Aggregate in bulk (crushed stone, etc.)
Portland cement in bulk

Steps:
1. Measure out each ingredient in the following proportion: 3 parts sand, 2 parts aggregate, 1 part Portland cement. Use a bucket to help keep the measurements accurate.
2. Pour the sand, aggregate, and Portland cement into a mixing bucket. To make the mix stronger, add more aggregate and Portland cement.
3. Add water slowly to the bucket and begin to mix it up with the trowel. Add more water as needed until the concrete is at the correct consistency.

Resources:
Most concrete can be made using a premixed bag, like the one Mark demonstrated, which is manufactured by Quikrete (https://www.quikrete.com/).

For bigger jobs that require a lot of concrete, it’s cheaper to make the concrete yourself. The sand, aggregate, and Portland cement can all be found at masonry yards.

Expert assistance with this segment was provided by MJM Masonry (http://mjmmasonry.com/).


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An Attempt at Reproducing Ancient Roman Concrete by using Limestone, Volcanic Ash and Aggregate. Please Hit The LIKE and SUBSCRIBE BUTTONS as well as the NOTIFICATION BELL. Feel Free to Check out my Amazon Influencer Page and Follow Me on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Thanks For Watching.

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A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.

Cement manufacturing is a complex process that begins with mining and then grinding raw materials that include limestone and clay, to a fine powder, called raw meal, which is then heated to a sintering temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln. In this process, the chemical bonds of the raw materials are broken down and then they are recombined into new compounds. The result is called clinker, which are rounded nodules between 1mm and 25mm across. The clinker is ground to a fine powder in a cement mill and mixed with gypsum to create cement. The powdered cement is then mixed with water and aggregates to form concrete that is used in construction.

Clinker quality depends on raw material composition, which has to be closely monitored to ensure the quality of the cement. Excess free lime, for example, results in undesirable effects such as volume expansion, increased setting time or reduced strength. Several laboratory and online systems can be employed to ensure process control in each step of the cement manufacturing process, including clinker formation.

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This experiment is not included in the MEL Chemistry subscription–we just love to show you the beauty of chemistry💙
For cool and safe experiments to do at home sign up to MEL Science here: https://goo.gl/ZK6dpv

It’s easy to make the sim­plest type of ce­ment your­self. In this ex­per­i­ment, we’ll pre­pare a mix­ture which you can use to make a lit­tle house, for ex­am­ple for a dog.

Safe­ty pre­cau­tions
Wear a pro­tec­tive mask, gloves and glass­es, and work in a well-ven­ti­lat­ed room.

Warn­ing! Only un­der adults su­per­vi­sion.

Reagents and equip­ment:
* build­ing lime (cal­ci­um ox­ide, 100 g);
* sand (300 g);
* wa­ter (100-150 ml);
* deep con­tain­er for mix­ing;
* trow­el;
* bricks.

Step-by-step in­struc­tions
Mix the build­ing lime with wa­ter. Grad­u­al­ly add sand and stir thor­ough­ly. We get a sim­ple ce­ment mix­ture. Ap­ply it to bricks and leave for a week. The bricks are stuck to­geth­er!

Pro­cess­es de­scrip­tion
In the re­ac­tion of cal­ci­um ox­ide with wa­ter, cal­ci­um hy­drox­ide forms.
СаО + Н₂О = Са(ОН)₂
In air, cal­ci­um hy­drox­ide re­acts with car­bon diox­ide with the for­ma­tion of durable cal­ci­um car­bon­ate, which en­velops and sticks the sand par­ti­cles to­geth­er
Са(ОН)₂ + СО₂ = СаСО₃ + Н₂О

All opinions or methods expressed in the video(s) are personal opinion only and for educational purposes only. Always check current regulations or seek second opinions from other video sources or websites. Anyone working at ANY height should be fully trained and insured to do so and use the correct access equipment. Anyone working on ANY project does so at their own risk!

Mixing a small sand and cement bucket mix like this by hand is not only fast, but very cheap for small DIY jobs around the house. A lot of repair jobs even for professionals involve 'knocking up' small amounts of mortar like this. This is I believe an essential life skill, like knowing how to wire a plug, or unblock a sink.

Great for small pointing jobs, pointing lead flashings, brickwork chases, walls and chimney to name but a few...

For lager jobs why not consider a builders spot mix : http://youtu.be/ehBKETtRImk

For more help with common sand and cement mixes : http://www.fixmyroof.co.uk/mix-cement-mortar/

To learn how to point up a wall, slabs or chimney se this video : https://youtu.be/jPcp0iLoJtM

A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.

Cement manufacturing is a complex process that begins with mining and then grinding raw materials that include limestone and clay, to a fine powder, called raw meal, which is then heated to a sintering temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln. In this process, the chemical bonds of the raw materials are broken down and then they are recombined into new compounds. The result is called clinker, which are rounded nodules between 1mm and 25mm across. The clinker is ground to a fine powder in a cement mill and mixed with gypsum to create cement. The powdered cement is then mixed with water and aggregates to form concrete that is used in construction.

Clinker quality depends on raw material composition, which has to be closely monitored to ensure the quality of the cement. Excess free lime, for example, results in undesirable effects such as volume expansion, increased setting time or reduced strength. Several laboratory and online systems can be employed to ensure process control in each step of the cement manufacturing process, including clinker formation.

Video Credits: www.ohorongo-cement.com

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Watch some of our other interesting manufacturing videos:
How Plywood Is Made In Factories?
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How LUXURY Rolls-Royce Cars Are Made ?
https://youtu.be/BVvnSzMqI3M
How Jigsaw Puzzles Are Made?
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This video tutorial details the process of making a Poly 75-70 polyurethane rubber mold of a concrete stepping stone. In this example, we utilize the "poured block mold technique", which is considered to be one of the most simple mold making methods.

Although the stepping stones in this scenario can be easily replaced through options at retail stores, this mold making method is great when you have a unique stone that is not replaceable OR when you'd like to produce custom pavers from your original design (made from wood, clay, a printed model, etc.).

A full list of materials and tools used for this project can be found at the end of the video.

The Steps:
1. Select a Model [0:32]
2. Apply a Sealing Agent (Poly PVA Solution) [0:53]
3. Prepare Model and Construct Mold Box [1:24]
4. Apply Release Agent [3:33]
5. Calculate Amount of Rubber Needed for Mold [4:13]
6. Measure, Mix & Pour Mold Rubber [5:03]
7. Demold [6:29]
8. Cast Concrete [7:24]

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You can use concrete paver blocks as edging for your garden beds, or to give your driveway a makeover.

In this video, I'd like to share how I make concrete paver blocks using plastic molds. Also included are tips on how to demold properly so that you can minimize your chances of damaging the resulting blocks.

The plastic molds I used come in different shapes. In the video, you'll find 3 options. Get these paver molds here: http://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/rqYgPVRi

#HowtoMakeConcretePavers
#HowtoUseConcretePaverMolds

This is a great beginner project for dipping your toes into concrete projects! I go over the steps to create basic concrete shapes and forms, and pouring. No crazy steps or perfection needed since it's just a block, so have fun and practice!

I know they are inexpensive to buy, but around here they go out of season, or you may need a shape or size they don't sell, so this can come in handy for different situations.

Help support the channel and the things I can show by using the links below, it costs nothing to use them, but helps me out so I can help you!

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**************************************
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How to use 3d printed molds to create cast concrete products and objects - without needing any silicone.

All Project files are available free from my website:
https://www.furtherfabrication.com/resources

Find me on instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/further_fabrication/

Link to Fusion 360 software:
https://www.autodesk.com/produ....cts/fusion-360/stude

Music:
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PRODUCTS USED IN THE VIDEO DOWN BELOW

Molds- https://bit.ly/3K19aJ1

Heavy Duty Bucket- https://bit.ly/3K4pc4Z

Mixer- https://bit.ly/3wCny7r

Vibration Table- https://bit.ly/3QJIXTd

Vibration Motor For DIY Vibration Table- https://bit.ly/3WZ7Oq7

How to make Silicone Molds for cement, concrete, wax, soap or plaster castings. Easy DIY project and great way to make multiple reproductions of almost any small to medium sized item that has one flat surface.
Check out our other DIY projects.
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Take the full course - https://proko.com/sculpture

Can you create a good mold of your sculptures at an affordable price? Yes, yes you can! In this lesson Andrew covers the materials needed to make a quality mold and the step by step process for making it. You’ll see how to apply the silicone to your sculpture and then the process of pulling the sculpt from the mold, and filling it with resin. If you enjoy this lesson and want the more in-depth one check out the premium course (link above).

Your assignment is to create a mold of a torso. If you don’t have one, sculpt one and then make a mold. We’d like to see what you come up with so make sure you post your work here - https://proko.com/712

RELATED LINKS:

7 Types of Sculpting Tools and How to Make Your Own - https://youtu.be/7MT-zYpPCGg
5 Ways to Add Texture to your Sculptures - https://youtu.be/BnyOSYXjYVw
Basic Sculpting Supplies - https://youtu.be/L1kCB4Ahqrk

#moldmaking #sculpting #siliconemold


COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This portrait sculpting course will dive deep into the techniques and principles that will help you master the portrait. Portrait sculpting is one of the most difficult challenges that visual artists can take on but if you follow the lessons and do the corresponding assignments you'll be surprised how fast you will improve.

ABOUT PROKO 3D:

Instructional How to Sculpt videos for artists. These sculpting lessons are approachable enough for beginners and detailed enough for advanced artists. My philosophy is to teach timeless concepts in an entertaining way. I believe that when you are having fun, you learn better. I take pride in producing high quality videos that you will enjoy watching and re-watching. If you want to learn more about drawing check out my other YouTube channel: Proko - https://www.youtube.com/ProkoTV

CREDITS:

Artist | Instructor - Andrew Joseph Keith (https://andrewjosephkeith.onuniverse.com)
Producer - Andrew Joseph Keith, Charlie Nicholson (https://www.instagram.com/shloogorgh/)
Script & editing - Andrew Joseph Keith

Model images courtesy of https://www.pixabay.com